Common Cold
What is Common cold
Common cold is also known as nasopharyngitis, rhinopharyngitis, extreme neoplasm or cold. It is an easily spread infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that mostly affects the nose. Symptoms include cough, sore throat, nasal discharge (rhinorrhea) and fever. Symptoms usually cease within seven to ten days. However, some symptoms can last up to three weeks. There are more than two hundred viruses that can cause common cold. Rhinovirus is the most common cause.
Acute infection of the nose, sinus, throat, or larynx (upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) is classified by the organs of the body that are most affected by it. Common colds are mainly nasal, pharyngitis, bronchial and sinusitis. , Affects the sinus. This symptom is not caused by the virus itself destroying the tissue, but our immune system against infection. Causes of labor. Washing hands is the main way to prevent infection. Some evidence also supports the efficacy of wearing masks on the face.
There is no cure for common cold, but its symptoms can be treated. It is the most common infectious disease in humans. The average adult has a cold two to three times per year. The average child has a cold ranging from six to twelve times per year. These infections have been occurring in humans since ancient times.
Signs and symptoms
The most common symptoms of a cold include cough, runny nose, nasal blockage, and a sore throat. Other symptoms may include muscle pain (myelgia), feeling tired, headache, and loss of appetite. Sore throat is present in about 40% of people with a cold. About 50% of people have cough / phlegm. Muscle aches in about half of cases. Fever is an uncommon symptom in adults, but is common in newborns and young children. Colds Coughs caused by flu are milder than those caused by flu (influenza). Cough and fever in adults further indicate the possibility of flu (influenza). Many such viruses that Causes of common cold, display no symptoms. The color of the mucus coming from the lower airway (sputum) can range from clear to yellow and green. The color of the mucus does not indicate whether the infection is caused by bacteria or by the virus.
Gradual development
Colds usually begin with fatigue, experiencing too much cold, sneezing, and headache. Additional symptoms such as nasal discharge and cough begin to appear after two days. All symptoms reach their peak two to three days after the infection begins. The symptoms end in about seven to ten days. Go but sometimes it can last up to three weeks. In 35% to 40% of cases related to children, cough persists for more than ten days. In 10% of children related cases, this cough persists for more than 25 days.
Causes
Virus.
[[File: Coronaviruses 004 lores.jpg | thumb | {0} {1} [[image: {/ 1} coronaviruses 004 lores.jpg {/ 0} {2} thumb {/ 2} {1} | {/ 1 } {3} Caronavirus {/ 3}, {2} are a group of viruses considered to be common cold factors {/ 2} {0} when viewed by electron microscope, their shape is a circle, or crown {/ 0} { 0} resembles (corona-like). {/ 0}]] Common cold is an easily spread infection of the upper respiratory tract. Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of common cold. It accounts for 30% to 80% of all cases. Rhinovirus is an RNA-containing virus from the pycornaviride family. There are 99 known viruses in this family of viruses. Common cold may also be caused by other viruses. Coronavirus is responsible for 10% to 30% of all cases. The flu (influenza) is responsible for 5% to 15% of all cases. Other cases can be caused by human parainfluenza virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, enterovirus and metanomovirus. More than one virus is present in the condition. In total, more than two hundred types of viruses are thought to be associated with colds.
Spreading
Common cold viruses typically spread in one of two main ways. By inhaling small droplets containing the virus by inhalation or by mouth, or by contact with infected nasal mucus or infected objects. Which of the following is responsible for the spread of colds? Could not be applied. These viruses can survive in the environment for a long time. The virus is then transmitted from the hands to the nose or eyes, where infection occurs. People sitting next to each other are at higher risk of becoming infected. Disease deficient and often In children with poor sanitation, infection is common in daily care centers or schools due to mutual closeness. Subsequently, the infection passes from children to other family members. There is no evidence of the spread of colds during the commercial flight of air using commercially recirculated air. The infection is most likely to spread during the first three days of a cold caused by rhinovirus. After this, the chances of spreading the infection are greatly reduced.
weather
The traditional theory is that the cold is caused by living in cold weather for long periods of time, such as in rainy or winter and that is why this disease is also given this name. It is debatable that even cooling of the body Whether or not there is a risk of common cold. Some viruses that cause common cold are seasonal and have a high frequency during cold or wet weather. It is said to be mainly due to being indoors for a long time and near the infected person; especially children who return to school however, it may also be related to changes in the respiratory system. Which can result in mild infections. Due to low humidity, its rate of spread can increase because small droplets easily spread in the dry air and they spread in the air. Staying longer and goes far.
Other
Group immunity is called when a group is immune to a particular infection and is due to exposure to cold viruses in the past. Thus the rate of respiratory infection is higher in the younger population and lower in the older population. Weak immune system is also a risk for the disease. Lack of sleep And malnutrition is also considered a risk against this infection, which subsequently increases the risk of rhinovirus. It is believed that this is due to their effect on the immune system.
Pathophysiology (functional changes due to disease)
Common cold is an easily spread infection of the upper respiratory tract.
Symptoms of common cold are generally considered to be the immune system's response to the virus. The process of this immune response is virus specific. For example, rhinovirus is usually acquired by direct contact. It binds to ICAM-1 human receptors in an unknown manner and activates the secretion of excitatory mediators. These cause excitatory mediator symptoms. Usually it does not damage the nasal epithelium. In contrast, Respiratory Synthetic Virus (RSV) is acquired both by direct contact and by airborne droplets. It then replicates in the nose and throat before it spreads more to the lower respiratory tract. RSV causes damage to the epithelium. Human parainfluenza viruses usually cause irritation to the nose, throat, and airways. In young children, affecting the trachea can also cause a jugular disease, which causes dry cough and difficulty in breathing. This is due to the small size of the airways of children.
Symptoms of Disease
The difference between upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) depends mostly on where the symptoms appear. Common colds mainly affect the nose, pharyngitis mainly to the throat, and bronchitis mainly to the lungs. The common cold is often defined as a burning sensation in the nose and throat infections also vary. May include a range. Self-diagnosis is common. Isolation of the virus agent that actually causes it is uncommon. Usually based on symptoms and It is not possible to identify the type of virus.
Prevention
The only effective way to prevent the spread of common cold is by preventing the spread of the virus. This mainly involves washing hands and wearing face masks. Long chongs (gowns) and after-use gloves are also worn in healthcare environments. It is not possible to isolate infected individuals because the disease is very widespread and the symptoms are not very specific. Many viruses can be the cause of this disease and they have very rapid changes, so vaccination has also proved difficult in this disease. There is little chance of developing large-scale effective vaccines.
Regular hand washing can reduce the transmission of cold viruses. It is most effective among children. It is not known whether using anti-virus or antibacterial substances during normal hand washing increases the benefits of hand washing Masks while being around infected people. Wearing is beneficial. There is not enough evidence to determine whether creating more physical and social distance is beneficial. Zinc supplementation can be effective in reducing the frequency of a person's cold. Taken regularly The known vitamin C supplement does not reduce the severity or risk of common cold. Vitamin C may reduce the duration of a cold.
Management
Posters titled "Consult your doctor" to encourage citizens to treat the common cold
As of now, there is no medicine or herbicidal medicine that can authentically reduce the duration of a common cold. Its treatment includes relieving symptoms. Resting well, maintaining hydration in the body This may include taking fluids, gargling with warm, salty water, etc. However, most of the benefits from treatment can only be attributed to the placebo effect.
result
Usually the intensity of the common cold is not high and it ends on its own with most symptoms improving within a week. Serious complications, if they occur, occur in people who are either extremely Older people, very young people or people whose immune systems are very weak (immunosuppressed). There may be secondary bacterial infections that cause sinusitis, pharyngitis or Can be an ear infection. It is estimated that sinusitis occurs in 8% of cases. Ear infection occurs in 30% of cases.
Chances
Common cold is one of the most common human disease and affects people globally. Adults usually have this infection two to five times a year. Children Has a cold ranging from six to ten times a year (in school-going children, the number is up to twelve). Older people have a higher rate of symptomatic infections because their immune system. Is weak.
History
Although the cause of the common cold was identified in the 1950s, the disease has been in existence since ancient times in humans. Its symptoms and treatment have been referred to in Egypt's Ebers papyrus, the earliest available therapeutic. Is material and was written in the sixteenth century BCE. The name "common cold" came into use in the sixteenth century BCE, due to its symptoms and cold weather. Due to the similarity between the arising symptoms.
In the United Kingdom, The Common Cold Unit (CCU) was established by the Medical Research Council in 1946 and it was here that the rhinovirus was discovered in 1956 In the 1970s, the CCU showed that infection with rhinovirus Treatment of interferon during the incubation period provided some protection against the disease. No behavioral treatment could be developed. The unit was discontinued in 1989, following the completion of research on the prevention and treatment of rhinovirus-induced cold by zinc gluconate lozenges. Zinc was the only successful treatment developed in CCU history.
Common cold is also known as nasopharyngitis, rhinopharyngitis, extreme neoplasm or cold. It is an easily spread infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that mostly affects the nose. Symptoms include cough, sore throat, nasal discharge (rhinorrhea) and fever. Symptoms usually cease within seven to ten days. However, some symptoms can last up to three weeks. There are more than two hundred viruses that can cause common cold. Rhinovirus is the most common cause.
Acute infection of the nose, sinus, throat, or larynx (upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) is classified by the organs of the body that are most affected by it. Common colds are mainly nasal, pharyngitis, bronchial and sinusitis. , Affects the sinus. This symptom is not caused by the virus itself destroying the tissue, but our immune system against infection. Causes of labor. Washing hands is the main way to prevent infection. Some evidence also supports the efficacy of wearing masks on the face.
There is no cure for common cold, but its symptoms can be treated. It is the most common infectious disease in humans. The average adult has a cold two to three times per year. The average child has a cold ranging from six to twelve times per year. These infections have been occurring in humans since ancient times.
Signs and symptoms
The most common symptoms of a cold include cough, runny nose, nasal blockage, and a sore throat. Other symptoms may include muscle pain (myelgia), feeling tired, headache, and loss of appetite. Sore throat is present in about 40% of people with a cold. About 50% of people have cough / phlegm. Muscle aches in about half of cases. Fever is an uncommon symptom in adults, but is common in newborns and young children. Colds Coughs caused by flu are milder than those caused by flu (influenza). Cough and fever in adults further indicate the possibility of flu (influenza). Many such viruses that Causes of common cold, display no symptoms. The color of the mucus coming from the lower airway (sputum) can range from clear to yellow and green. The color of the mucus does not indicate whether the infection is caused by bacteria or by the virus.
Gradual development
Colds usually begin with fatigue, experiencing too much cold, sneezing, and headache. Additional symptoms such as nasal discharge and cough begin to appear after two days. All symptoms reach their peak two to three days after the infection begins. The symptoms end in about seven to ten days. Go but sometimes it can last up to three weeks. In 35% to 40% of cases related to children, cough persists for more than ten days. In 10% of children related cases, this cough persists for more than 25 days.
Causes
Virus.
[[File: Coronaviruses 004 lores.jpg | thumb | {0} {1} [[image: {/ 1} coronaviruses 004 lores.jpg {/ 0} {2} thumb {/ 2} {1} | {/ 1 } {3} Caronavirus {/ 3}, {2} are a group of viruses considered to be common cold factors {/ 2} {0} when viewed by electron microscope, their shape is a circle, or crown {/ 0} { 0} resembles (corona-like). {/ 0}]] Common cold is an easily spread infection of the upper respiratory tract. Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of common cold. It accounts for 30% to 80% of all cases. Rhinovirus is an RNA-containing virus from the pycornaviride family. There are 99 known viruses in this family of viruses. Common cold may also be caused by other viruses. Coronavirus is responsible for 10% to 30% of all cases. The flu (influenza) is responsible for 5% to 15% of all cases. Other cases can be caused by human parainfluenza virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, enterovirus and metanomovirus. More than one virus is present in the condition. In total, more than two hundred types of viruses are thought to be associated with colds.
Spreading
Common cold viruses typically spread in one of two main ways. By inhaling small droplets containing the virus by inhalation or by mouth, or by contact with infected nasal mucus or infected objects. Which of the following is responsible for the spread of colds? Could not be applied. These viruses can survive in the environment for a long time. The virus is then transmitted from the hands to the nose or eyes, where infection occurs. People sitting next to each other are at higher risk of becoming infected. Disease deficient and often In children with poor sanitation, infection is common in daily care centers or schools due to mutual closeness. Subsequently, the infection passes from children to other family members. There is no evidence of the spread of colds during the commercial flight of air using commercially recirculated air. The infection is most likely to spread during the first three days of a cold caused by rhinovirus. After this, the chances of spreading the infection are greatly reduced.
weather
The traditional theory is that the cold is caused by living in cold weather for long periods of time, such as in rainy or winter and that is why this disease is also given this name. It is debatable that even cooling of the body Whether or not there is a risk of common cold. Some viruses that cause common cold are seasonal and have a high frequency during cold or wet weather. It is said to be mainly due to being indoors for a long time and near the infected person; especially children who return to school however, it may also be related to changes in the respiratory system. Which can result in mild infections. Due to low humidity, its rate of spread can increase because small droplets easily spread in the dry air and they spread in the air. Staying longer and goes far.
Other
Group immunity is called when a group is immune to a particular infection and is due to exposure to cold viruses in the past. Thus the rate of respiratory infection is higher in the younger population and lower in the older population. Weak immune system is also a risk for the disease. Lack of sleep And malnutrition is also considered a risk against this infection, which subsequently increases the risk of rhinovirus. It is believed that this is due to their effect on the immune system.
Pathophysiology (functional changes due to disease)
Common cold is an easily spread infection of the upper respiratory tract.
Symptoms of common cold are generally considered to be the immune system's response to the virus. The process of this immune response is virus specific. For example, rhinovirus is usually acquired by direct contact. It binds to ICAM-1 human receptors in an unknown manner and activates the secretion of excitatory mediators. These cause excitatory mediator symptoms. Usually it does not damage the nasal epithelium. In contrast, Respiratory Synthetic Virus (RSV) is acquired both by direct contact and by airborne droplets. It then replicates in the nose and throat before it spreads more to the lower respiratory tract. RSV causes damage to the epithelium. Human parainfluenza viruses usually cause irritation to the nose, throat, and airways. In young children, affecting the trachea can also cause a jugular disease, which causes dry cough and difficulty in breathing. This is due to the small size of the airways of children.
Symptoms of Disease
The difference between upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) depends mostly on where the symptoms appear. Common colds mainly affect the nose, pharyngitis mainly to the throat, and bronchitis mainly to the lungs. The common cold is often defined as a burning sensation in the nose and throat infections also vary. May include a range. Self-diagnosis is common. Isolation of the virus agent that actually causes it is uncommon. Usually based on symptoms and It is not possible to identify the type of virus.
Prevention
The only effective way to prevent the spread of common cold is by preventing the spread of the virus. This mainly involves washing hands and wearing face masks. Long chongs (gowns) and after-use gloves are also worn in healthcare environments. It is not possible to isolate infected individuals because the disease is very widespread and the symptoms are not very specific. Many viruses can be the cause of this disease and they have very rapid changes, so vaccination has also proved difficult in this disease. There is little chance of developing large-scale effective vaccines.
Regular hand washing can reduce the transmission of cold viruses. It is most effective among children. It is not known whether using anti-virus or antibacterial substances during normal hand washing increases the benefits of hand washing Masks while being around infected people. Wearing is beneficial. There is not enough evidence to determine whether creating more physical and social distance is beneficial. Zinc supplementation can be effective in reducing the frequency of a person's cold. Taken regularly The known vitamin C supplement does not reduce the severity or risk of common cold. Vitamin C may reduce the duration of a cold.
Management
Posters titled "Consult your doctor" to encourage citizens to treat the common cold
As of now, there is no medicine or herbicidal medicine that can authentically reduce the duration of a common cold. Its treatment includes relieving symptoms. Resting well, maintaining hydration in the body This may include taking fluids, gargling with warm, salty water, etc. However, most of the benefits from treatment can only be attributed to the placebo effect.
result
Usually the intensity of the common cold is not high and it ends on its own with most symptoms improving within a week. Serious complications, if they occur, occur in people who are either extremely Older people, very young people or people whose immune systems are very weak (immunosuppressed). There may be secondary bacterial infections that cause sinusitis, pharyngitis or Can be an ear infection. It is estimated that sinusitis occurs in 8% of cases. Ear infection occurs in 30% of cases.
Chances
Common cold is one of the most common human disease and affects people globally. Adults usually have this infection two to five times a year. Children Has a cold ranging from six to ten times a year (in school-going children, the number is up to twelve). Older people have a higher rate of symptomatic infections because their immune system. Is weak.
History
Although the cause of the common cold was identified in the 1950s, the disease has been in existence since ancient times in humans. Its symptoms and treatment have been referred to in Egypt's Ebers papyrus, the earliest available therapeutic. Is material and was written in the sixteenth century BCE. The name "common cold" came into use in the sixteenth century BCE, due to its symptoms and cold weather. Due to the similarity between the arising symptoms.
In the United Kingdom, The Common Cold Unit (CCU) was established by the Medical Research Council in 1946 and it was here that the rhinovirus was discovered in 1956 In the 1970s, the CCU showed that infection with rhinovirus Treatment of interferon during the incubation period provided some protection against the disease. No behavioral treatment could be developed. The unit was discontinued in 1989, following the completion of research on the prevention and treatment of rhinovirus-induced cold by zinc gluconate lozenges. Zinc was the only successful treatment developed in CCU history.
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