Mouth Cancer
What is Mouth cancer
Mouth cancer means cancer of the oral cavity (starting from the lips to the posterior tonsils) or tissues of the oropharynx (the inner part of the throat).
Home structure.
Mouth structure has different parts
Key figures
One third of all the world's major cancer cases occur in India.
About one third of all cancers in India are oral cancer.
Statistics of oral cancer in India according to Globocaine data:
Possible disorders of oral cancer (pre-cancerous stages)
The following oral disorders are prone to change into cancer.
Are you at risk for Mouth cancer
Tobacco consumption
If you regularly consume tobacco and betel nut, you may be prone to oral cancer. [6,7] Keeping tobacco inside the mouth can cause cancer of the cheeks, gums, and inner mouth. Betel and betel nut can also be the cause of this cancer.
Drinking: Alcohol increases the risk of oral cancer. The risk of oral cancer among those who drink three to four alcoholic drinks per day is twice that of those who do not drink alcohol.
Those who consume both alcohol and tobacco have an increased risk of oral cancer.
Sharp teeth or poorly fitting dentures: Chronic irritation of the gums and cheeks from pointed teeth and loose dentures is also a risk factor.
Diet: Undefeated diet or decrease in consumption of fruits and vegetables increases the risk of oral cancer.
HPV Virus: Some high-risk types of HPV. The risk of infection from the mouth also increases, especially in the younger class.
Weak immune system: People who have weak body immune system are more likely to suffer from oral cancer. Some congenital diseases can be radiotherapy and chemotherapy, medications to organ transplant recipients or AIDS infection due to a weakened immune system.
Exposure to sun's ultra violet rays: Exposure to sun's ultra violet rays increases the risk of cancer.
Levels and stages:
Stages of oral cancer depend on the following parameters
The size of the tumor.
Treatment:
Potentially fatal disorders (before they become completely cancerous) are treated by a variety of medical policies (eg, antioxidants, pain relievers, etc.) and surgical modalities (eg: cryosurgery, laser, etc.) .
Your individual oral cancer treatment is planned based on the following factors:
Tumor factors - the location, size, location, proximity to bone, position of the lymph nodes of the neck, previous treatment, and reports of tissue fragments of cancer.
Patient factors - age of the patient, level of his physical health, strength to tolerate medicines, his work and income, compliance with patient acceptance and his standard of living.
Physician Factors - Specialization in various disciplines including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, rehabilitation services, dental and prosthetic support and psycho-social support.
Treatment Methods:
Oral cancer is managed in early stages, using one or a combination of the following methods:
Early mouth cancer
Most early oral cancers can be treated by cutting the local portion or with radiotherapy, without impairing the body's ability to function or function.
In some cases, an alternate neck operation is performed to remove the lymph nodes. Radiotherapy after the operation is given only to those who have a resected margin and those who cannot be re-operated.
External beam radiotherapy (concentrating a beam from a machine to a body part affected by cancer) and brachytherapy (uses an implant to deliver radiation {rays} to the cancer site), either alone or in combination with both, are considered as surgeries. Can be given at the place to treat the early oral cancer.
Locally spread cancer
Radiotherapy after surgery is the preferred method of treatment in patients with deep-grade tumors and bone cancer. The results of operation as well as chemotherapy have been found to be better than radiotherapy alone.
Radiotherapy is a good option for locally spread tumors that have not yet spread to the bone. It can be given with or without chemotherapy.
Advanced stage-
Incurable.
Only palliative / supportive treatment is provided.
Screening for early detection
Many oral cavities have long periods of pre-cancer, during which there is an opportunity to seek medical attention if certain symptoms occur. Pre-diagnosis of these cancers is done by general health examination which can also be done by any skilled doctor / dentist / health worker or by self examination.
Physical examination of oral cavity
You should consult your doctor if any signs or symptoms persist for more than two weeks or if an abnormal area is detected on a self-examination. The doctor will look at your relevant history and the presence of various risk factors. After this, the doctor will test for an abnormal area in your mouth and will wear a glove for a knot or wound and feel it with a finger in the mouth.
Self-examination of the mouth
You can also test your mouth yourself. You should do this test by standing in front of a mirror in bright light. This may predispose to oral cancer.
Procedure for self-examination of the mouth
1: Wash your hands thoroughly.
2: Inspect inside your mouth with the help of finger.
3: Tilt your head backwards and test for abnormal area on the face.
4: Draw the cheek on one side and look carefully at the inside; Look at the gums as well.
5: Take your tongue outwards and hold it upwards with the finger. Inspect the tongue and mouth surface carefully.
6: Feel any knots or enlarged lymph nodes on either side of the neck.
7: If any abnormality is detected, contact the doctor for further diagnosis.
Other tests: Apart from this doctor test, some other simple tests can also be done. If you have a history of any risk factor, the doctor may use a type of dye (toluidine bile) with or without light to look for abnormal areas.
If an abnormal area is detected, you can perform cytology or biopsy.
If the pathologist confirms that you have cancer, the doctor may refer you to a specialist.
Mouth cancer prevention
How is diagnosis possible.
A Relevant history, general physical examination and mouth test
It is important to know the relevant history of the person like any form of tobacco (betel chew, gutkha, khaini), duration and frequency of consumption and drinking.
Oral examination: The doctor should carefully examine the entire mouth. In this test, the back of the throat, the upper part of the mouth, throat and lips etc. should also be seen. The doctor will also look for any red or white spots or other abnormal areas on your head, neck or face. It should also be tested for any type of lump or swelling or problems in mouth or facial veins. If any abnormality is found during the test, it should be confirmed by the following checks:
B. Aggression Test:
Brush cytology: In this test, a brush is taken from the suspicious area wound with the help of a brush. And the cells are viewed by a pathologist with a microscope (binoculars).
Needle Check (FNAC): In this test a thin needle is used; In which some cells are removed from suspected knot or inflammation and these cells are spread on a glass slide. These cells are examined by a pathologist under a microscope (binoculars). FNAC is typically used to diagnose metastatic cancer of the head and neck, in the cervical region.
Biopsy (piece check): The piece is taken from the suspicious area using a punch biopsy instrument to examine the piece. Sometimes endoscopy is also used for examination so that the pieces can be checked easily. Evidence of cancer is seen in the laboratory by processing the tissue obtained in the biopsy.
C. Imaging test: Imaging test is used to confirm the diagnosis of the disease, detect the spread of cancer and determine the cancer stage. Generally X-ray, CT Scan, AMRI and PET The tests are done.
D. Other tests:
HPV Testing / Testing: HPV Oral cancer is increasing due to contractions. HPV in a sample of doctor pieces Detect the presence of infection.
When to consult a doctor
1: Old sore wound in mouth, face or throat which is not healing.
2: Difficulty in opening mouth.
3: White, red or mixed rashes in the tongue, gums and inner parts of the mouth.
4: sore throat
5: Pain in mouth, tongue, jaw and difficulty in chewing or swallowing.
6: Swelling or thickening on lips, gums or inner parts of mouth.
7: Unexplained bleeding in the mouth.
8: Hoarseness or change in voice.
9: Dentures of loose teeth and bad fitting.
10: Unexplained Weight Loss.
Some of the above signs and symptoms may also occur in benign tumors of the oral cavity and other cancers. If anything of these happens for more than 2 weeks, then a doctor should be consulted for diagnosis and examination.
Also Read -
Tongue Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and treatment.
Head and Neck Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and treatment.
Gallbladder Cancer: causes, symptoms, and treatment.
What is Mouth cancer
Mouth cancer means cancer of the oral cavity (starting from the lips to the posterior tonsils) or tissues of the oropharynx (the inner part of the throat).
Home structure.
Mouth structure has different parts
- Tongue
- Lips
- Gums and teeth
- Cheek lining (inner part)
- Salivary glands
- Lower surface of the mouth
- Upper part of the mouth (solid palate)
- Tansil
- Alijivha
Key figures
One third of all the world's major cancer cases occur in India.
About one third of all cancers in India are oral cancer.
Statistics of oral cancer in India according to Globocaine data:
Possible disorders of oral cancer (pre-cancerous stages)
The following oral disorders are prone to change into cancer.
- Leukoplegia
- Erythroplegia
- Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF)
- Oral Lichen Plains (OLP)
- Oral Lichenoid Lesions (OLL)
- Smokers palette
Are you at risk for Mouth cancer
Tobacco consumption
If you regularly consume tobacco and betel nut, you may be prone to oral cancer. [6,7] Keeping tobacco inside the mouth can cause cancer of the cheeks, gums, and inner mouth. Betel and betel nut can also be the cause of this cancer.
Drinking: Alcohol increases the risk of oral cancer. The risk of oral cancer among those who drink three to four alcoholic drinks per day is twice that of those who do not drink alcohol.
Those who consume both alcohol and tobacco have an increased risk of oral cancer.
Sharp teeth or poorly fitting dentures: Chronic irritation of the gums and cheeks from pointed teeth and loose dentures is also a risk factor.
Diet: Undefeated diet or decrease in consumption of fruits and vegetables increases the risk of oral cancer.
HPV Virus: Some high-risk types of HPV. The risk of infection from the mouth also increases, especially in the younger class.
Weak immune system: People who have weak body immune system are more likely to suffer from oral cancer. Some congenital diseases can be radiotherapy and chemotherapy, medications to organ transplant recipients or AIDS infection due to a weakened immune system.
Exposure to sun's ultra violet rays: Exposure to sun's ultra violet rays increases the risk of cancer.
Levels and stages:
Stages of oral cancer depend on the following parameters
The size of the tumor.
- If the cancer has spread only to the tissues inside the mouth
- If the cancer has spread to the cervical lymph nodes
- If cancer has spread to other parts of the body
- Tnm The system is based on the following:
- Tumor measurement (for T. tumor)
- Expansion in lymph node (for N. node)
- Expansion to other parts of the body (for M. metastasis)
Treatment:
Potentially fatal disorders (before they become completely cancerous) are treated by a variety of medical policies (eg, antioxidants, pain relievers, etc.) and surgical modalities (eg: cryosurgery, laser, etc.) .
Your individual oral cancer treatment is planned based on the following factors:
Tumor factors - the location, size, location, proximity to bone, position of the lymph nodes of the neck, previous treatment, and reports of tissue fragments of cancer.
Patient factors - age of the patient, level of his physical health, strength to tolerate medicines, his work and income, compliance with patient acceptance and his standard of living.
Physician Factors - Specialization in various disciplines including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, rehabilitation services, dental and prosthetic support and psycho-social support.
Treatment Methods:
Oral cancer is managed in early stages, using one or a combination of the following methods:
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
Early mouth cancer
Most early oral cancers can be treated by cutting the local portion or with radiotherapy, without impairing the body's ability to function or function.
In some cases, an alternate neck operation is performed to remove the lymph nodes. Radiotherapy after the operation is given only to those who have a resected margin and those who cannot be re-operated.
External beam radiotherapy (concentrating a beam from a machine to a body part affected by cancer) and brachytherapy (uses an implant to deliver radiation {rays} to the cancer site), either alone or in combination with both, are considered as surgeries. Can be given at the place to treat the early oral cancer.
Locally spread cancer
Radiotherapy after surgery is the preferred method of treatment in patients with deep-grade tumors and bone cancer. The results of operation as well as chemotherapy have been found to be better than radiotherapy alone.
Radiotherapy is a good option for locally spread tumors that have not yet spread to the bone. It can be given with or without chemotherapy.
Advanced stage-
Incurable.
Only palliative / supportive treatment is provided.
Screening for early detection
Many oral cavities have long periods of pre-cancer, during which there is an opportunity to seek medical attention if certain symptoms occur. Pre-diagnosis of these cancers is done by general health examination which can also be done by any skilled doctor / dentist / health worker or by self examination.
Physical examination of oral cavity
You should consult your doctor if any signs or symptoms persist for more than two weeks or if an abnormal area is detected on a self-examination. The doctor will look at your relevant history and the presence of various risk factors. After this, the doctor will test for an abnormal area in your mouth and will wear a glove for a knot or wound and feel it with a finger in the mouth.
Self-examination of the mouth
You can also test your mouth yourself. You should do this test by standing in front of a mirror in bright light. This may predispose to oral cancer.
Procedure for self-examination of the mouth
1: Wash your hands thoroughly.
2: Inspect inside your mouth with the help of finger.
3: Tilt your head backwards and test for abnormal area on the face.
4: Draw the cheek on one side and look carefully at the inside; Look at the gums as well.
5: Take your tongue outwards and hold it upwards with the finger. Inspect the tongue and mouth surface carefully.
6: Feel any knots or enlarged lymph nodes on either side of the neck.
7: If any abnormality is detected, contact the doctor for further diagnosis.
Other tests: Apart from this doctor test, some other simple tests can also be done. If you have a history of any risk factor, the doctor may use a type of dye (toluidine bile) with or without light to look for abnormal areas.
If an abnormal area is detected, you can perform cytology or biopsy.
If the pathologist confirms that you have cancer, the doctor may refer you to a specialist.
Mouth cancer prevention
- Avoid all forms of tobacco use. Do not use betel nut with betel leaf.
- Avoid alcohol consumption.
- Eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables.
- If there is any discomfort in the tissues inside the mouth, such as red, white or mixed spots, untreated ulcers, knots, etc. immediately consult a dentist.
How is diagnosis possible.
A Relevant history, general physical examination and mouth test
It is important to know the relevant history of the person like any form of tobacco (betel chew, gutkha, khaini), duration and frequency of consumption and drinking.
Oral examination: The doctor should carefully examine the entire mouth. In this test, the back of the throat, the upper part of the mouth, throat and lips etc. should also be seen. The doctor will also look for any red or white spots or other abnormal areas on your head, neck or face. It should also be tested for any type of lump or swelling or problems in mouth or facial veins. If any abnormality is found during the test, it should be confirmed by the following checks:
B. Aggression Test:
Brush cytology: In this test, a brush is taken from the suspicious area wound with the help of a brush. And the cells are viewed by a pathologist with a microscope (binoculars).
Needle Check (FNAC): In this test a thin needle is used; In which some cells are removed from suspected knot or inflammation and these cells are spread on a glass slide. These cells are examined by a pathologist under a microscope (binoculars). FNAC is typically used to diagnose metastatic cancer of the head and neck, in the cervical region.
Biopsy (piece check): The piece is taken from the suspicious area using a punch biopsy instrument to examine the piece. Sometimes endoscopy is also used for examination so that the pieces can be checked easily. Evidence of cancer is seen in the laboratory by processing the tissue obtained in the biopsy.
C. Imaging test: Imaging test is used to confirm the diagnosis of the disease, detect the spread of cancer and determine the cancer stage. Generally X-ray, CT Scan, AMRI and PET The tests are done.
D. Other tests:
HPV Testing / Testing: HPV Oral cancer is increasing due to contractions. HPV in a sample of doctor pieces Detect the presence of infection.
When to consult a doctor
1: Old sore wound in mouth, face or throat which is not healing.
2: Difficulty in opening mouth.
3: White, red or mixed rashes in the tongue, gums and inner parts of the mouth.
4: sore throat
5: Pain in mouth, tongue, jaw and difficulty in chewing or swallowing.
6: Swelling or thickening on lips, gums or inner parts of mouth.
7: Unexplained bleeding in the mouth.
8: Hoarseness or change in voice.
9: Dentures of loose teeth and bad fitting.
10: Unexplained Weight Loss.
Some of the above signs and symptoms may also occur in benign tumors of the oral cavity and other cancers. If anything of these happens for more than 2 weeks, then a doctor should be consulted for diagnosis and examination.
Also Read -
Tongue Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and treatment.
Head and Neck Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and treatment.
Gallbladder Cancer: causes, symptoms, and treatment.
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